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ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy)

Non-invasive fragmentation of kidney stones using focused shock waves from outside the body.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Üroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy)?

ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy) is a non-invasive treatment in which high-energy acoustic shock waves generated outside the body are focused on kidney or ureteral stones to fragment them.

It is the first-line option for renal stones smaller than 2 cm with low-to-moderate density (<1000 HU). Lower-pole stones and high-density stones (calcium oxalate monohydrate, cystine) show lower success rates.

The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis under sedation or analgesia, typically delivering 2000–4000 shock waves. Stone fragments pass over several days to weeks.

Symptoms

Renal stones <2 cm in the renal pelvis or upper/middle calyces
Proximal ureteral stones <10 mm
Symptomatic kidney stones (renal colic, haematuria)
Growing asymptomatic stones on follow-up
Urinary tract stones in children

Risk Factors

Haematuria (transient, almost universal)
Steinstrasse (fragments lining up in the ureter)
Renal haematoma (rare)
Incomplete fragmentation (hard stones)
Infection (caution in struvite stones)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If severe renal colic develops
  • If fever or urinary retention follows ESWL
  • If severe pain persists after the procedure
  • If macroscopic haematuria is prolonged

Treatment Methods

01
ESWL (2000–4000 shock waves, electromagnetic or piezoelectric)
02
Pre-procedure CT assessment of stone size, location and density
03
Procedure under analgesia or sedation
04
Post-procedure hydration and alpha-blocker (medical expulsive therapy)
05
Follow-up imaging at 2–4 weeks

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Üroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.