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Thermal Burn Stages and Assessment

The depth and extent of thermal burns determine the treatment plan, fluid resuscitation, and prognosis.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Thermal Burn Stages and Assessment?

Thermal burns occur from hot liquid, flame, steam, and contact. Depth is classified as superficial (first degree), superficial partial-thickness (II-A), deep partial-thickness (II-B), full-thickness (third degree), and muscle-bone (fourth degree).

Total body surface area is calculated using the rule of nines in adults and the Lund-Browder diagram in children. Fluid resuscitation is planned with the Parkland formula (4 mL/kg/%TBSA in the first 24 hours).

Early transfer of severe burns to a burn center, pain control, infection prevention, and long-term rehabilitation are essential for successful outcomes.

Symptoms

First degree: erythema, pain (sunburn)
II-A: blisters, moist base, severe pain
II-B: white-yellow base, decreased pain
Third degree: dry, white or charred, painless
Electrical-fourth degree: muscle and bone involvement
Hypothermia and shock (in extensive burns)

Risk Factors

Domestic accidents (hot water, oil, tea)
Work accidents (flame, steam)
Alcohol and substance use
Young children and the elderly
Occupational risk (chefs, firefighters)
Burns during epileptic seizures

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Hospital admission required for >10% adult, >5% pediatric burns
  • Burns to face, hand, foot, perineum, and joints should be referred to a center
  • Full-thickness burns require surgical evaluation
  • Every electrical and chemical burn must be evaluated in hospital

Treatment Methods

01
Cool the burn with cold (not iced) water (15-20 minutes)
02
Balanced fluid resuscitation with the Parkland formula
03
Pain control (IV opioid)
04
Temperature protection and clean coverings
05
Tetanus prophylaxis
06
Surgical debridement and grafting (when needed)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.