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Syphilis in Pregnancy

Treponema pallidum infection acquired during pregnancy can lead to severe congenital syphilis through placental transmission.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Syphilis in Pregnancy?

Syphilis is a systemic spirochetal infection caused by Treponema pallidum. It has primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages. Transmission from mother to fetus can occur in any stage during pregnancy; the highest risk is in primary and secondary syphilis.

The effect of syphilis in pregnancy on the fetus depends on maternal titer and treatment timing. If untreated in early pregnancy, fetal loss, stillbirth, prematurity, and early congenital syphilis (hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, hemolytic anemia, rhinitis, skin lesions) are seen. Late congenital syphilis leaves stigmata such as Hutchinson teeth, interstitial keratitis, and deafness.

In Turkey's routine pregnancy screening, VDRL or RPR test is performed in the first trimester, and repeated in the third trimester and at delivery in risk groups. In positive cases, confirmation is performed with treponemal-specific tests.

Symptoms

Painless genital ulcer (chancre)
Rash on palms and soles
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Condyloma lata (mucosal papules)
Fetal hydrops and hepatomegaly
Intrauterine growth restriction
Meconium aspiration and stillbirth

Risk Factors

Unprotected sexual intercourse
Multiple partners
HIV positivity
Intravenous drug use
Known history of syphilis
Sex work

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Positive syphilis test in first trimester screening
  • Painless genital ulcer or rash
  • Diagnosis of syphilis in partner
  • Detection of fetal hydrops or hepatomegaly
  • For follow-up in pregnant women previously treated for syphilis

Treatment Methods

01
Penicillin G (IM) is the first choice in all stages
02
Single dose of 2.4 million units in primary/secondary syphilis
03
Three weekly doses in latent or late syphilis
04
Desensitization in penicillin allergy (no alternative exists)
05
Examination, RPR/VDRL at birth in newborns and treatment if necessary
06
Partner screening and treatment

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.