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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

A common endocrine disorder with hormonal imbalance, irregular periods, and multiple small cysts in the ovaries.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that arises when the ovaries produce more androgen (male hormone) than normal. The Rotterdam criteria are used for diagnosis: the presence of two of oligo-ovulation/anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian appearance is sufficient.

Insulin resistance is seen in approximately 70% of women with PCOS and plays a central role in the pathophysiology of the disease. This condition increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome.

PCOS is also one of the most common causes of infertility; however, pregnancy can be achieved with appropriate treatment. In the long term, the risk of endometrial cancer also increases; therefore, regular gynecological follow-up is mandatory.

Symptoms

Irregular, infrequent, or very long menstrual cycles
Increased hair growth on the face, chest, and back (hirsutism)
Acne and oily skin
Hair loss (androgenic alopecia)
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Dark patches in skin folds (acanthosis nigricans)
Complaint of inability to conceive

Risk Factors

Family history of PCOS or type 2 diabetes
Insulin resistance and obesity
Early menarche
Being born with low birth weight
Stress and sleep disorders
Gut microbiome imbalance

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When menstrual delay of more than 3 months is experienced
  • When abnormal hair growth on the face or body is noticed
  • If acne is resistant to treatment and seen with menstrual irregularity
  • If pregnancy cannot be achieved for more than a year
  • When high blood sugar or insulin resistance is detected

Treatment Methods

01
Lifestyle change: Weight loss, regular exercise, low-glycemic index nutrition
02
Oral contraceptives: Androgen suppression and menstrual regulation
03
Metformin: Metabolic improvement by increasing insulin sensitivity
04
Clomiphene citrate or letrozole: Ovulation induction
05
Anti-androgenic drugs: Spironolactone or flutamide
06
Assisted reproductive techniques (IVF) for infertility

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Related Health Topics

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Regular Gynecological Check-up

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Regular gynecological check-ups enable early diagnosis of many women's diseases and increase treatment success. It is recommended that every sexually active woman or woman over 21 see a gynecologist at least once a year.

Cervical Cancer

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Cervical cancer develops from uncontrolled growth of cells in the cervix and is among the most common women's cancers worldwide. Precancerous lesions can be recognized with regular Pap smear and HPV testing.

HPV and Vaccination

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HPV is a common virus transmitted sexually that can lead to certain types of cancer. Vaccination provides over 90% protection against high-risk HPV strains.

Ovarian Cyst

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Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form in or on the ovarian tissue. Most are asymptomatic and disappear spontaneously; however, large or complex cysts can cause pain and complications.

Endometriosis

Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum

Endometriosis affects about 10% of women of reproductive age, causing cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility; combined medical and laparoscopic treatment improves quality of life.

Uterine Fibroids

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Uterine fibroids are benign tumors developing from the uterine muscle layer. They affect 20-50% of women of reproductive age; most are asymptomatic, but can cause bleeding and pain.

Menopause

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Menopause is the life stage defined by not having a period for 12 consecutive months and the natural cessation of ovarian function. The average age is 51, but it can vary between 45-55 years.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

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PMS is a common condition defined by emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms that emerge in the 1-2 weeks before menstruation and subside with the period. Medical evaluation is required if symptoms are sufficiently severe.

Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.