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Menopause

The physiological transition period experienced with the permanent ending of menstrual periods.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Menopause?

Menopause is a natural biological process that emerges when the ovaries greatly reduce estrogen and progesterone production. It is diagnosed after 12 months have passed since the last period. The preceding period is called perimenopause, and the period after is called postmenopause.

Estrogen deficiency causes hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems, vaginal dryness, and mood changes, while increasing the risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in the long term.

Early menopause (before age 40) or surgical menopause (removal of ovaries) can proceed with more severe symptoms and requires hormonal evaluation.

Symptoms

Hot flashes and night sweats
Menstrual irregularity and prolonged cycles
Sleep disorders and fatigue
Vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse
Mood swings, irritability, depressive tendency
Difficulty concentrating and memory problems
Joint and muscle pain

Risk Factors

Family history (early menopause shows genetic predisposition)
Smoking (brings forward menopause age)
History of chemotherapy or radiotherapy
Having had ovarian surgery
Autoimmune diseases (Addison's, Hashimoto's)
Inadequate nutrition and low body weight

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If hot flashes seriously disrupt sleep and daily life
  • When period cessation occurs before age 40
  • If vaginal bleeding starts again after menopause
  • If depression, anxiety, or memory problems are prominent
  • When bone density assessment is desired

Treatment Methods

01
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): Symptom control with estrogen ± progesterone
02
Low-dose antidepressants or gabapentin: Hot flash treatment in those who cannot use HRT
03
Vaginal estrogen: For local dryness and dyspareunia
04
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation with regular exercise: Osteoporosis prevention
05
Bone density measurement and bisphosphonate therapy if needed
06
Lifestyle: Healthy nutrition, physical activity, avoiding alcohol and smoking

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.