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HPV and Vaccination

Human papillomavirus vaccine provides strong protection against cervical cancer and genital warts.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is HPV and Vaccination?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection agent worldwide. With over 200 subtypes of the virus, low-risk types can cause genital warts, and high-risk types (especially 16 and 18) can cause cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers.

HPV vaccines are currently available as bivalent and quadrivalent formulations, as well as a nine-valent (9vHPV) vaccine. The nine-valent vaccine covers HPV strains responsible for approximately 90% of cervical cancers.

Worldwide, vaccination started in girls and boys between ages 9-14 provides the most effective protection. If started at age 15 and above, three doses are administered. In Türkiye, studies for inclusion in the national vaccination schedule continue.

Symptoms

Wart or skin tag-like formations in the genital area
Itching or bleeding around the anus
Most HPV infections are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously
In high-risk types, no symptoms may be seen for a long time
Abnormal result on Pap smear or HPV test
Mild bleeding after intercourse (in cervical involvement)

Risk Factors

Multiple sexual partners
Being unvaccinated
Immune system weakness
Not using condoms
Early onset of sexual activity
Smoking (increases risk of viral persistence)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When new growths or warts in the genital area are noticed
  • When Pap smear or HPV test result is abnormal
  • When you want to learn vaccination status or get vaccinated
  • When HPV has been diagnosed in a partner

Treatment Methods

01
Genital warts: Cryotherapy, laser, topical drugs (imiquimod, podophyllotoxin)
02
Precancerous lesions: LEEP, conization, or laser ablation
03
HPV vaccination: 2 doses at age 9-14; 3 doses at age 15 and above
04
Follow-up with regular Pap smear and HPV screening
05
Immune system-supportive lifestyle changes
06
Sexual health education and safe relationship counseling

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.