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Syphilis

A systemic sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Syphilis?

Syphilis is a chronic infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is divided into four stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. Each stage has its own clinical picture; in the latent stage there are no symptoms but transmissibility continues.

Congenital syphilis occurs when the maternal infection passes to the fetus through the placenta and leads to stillbirth, premature birth, or severe neonatal complications. For this reason, routine syphilis screening during pregnancy is mandatory.

In tertiary syphilis, cardiovascular involvement (aortitis, aortic aneurysm) and neurosyphilis (meningitis, dementia, tabes dorsalis) may be seen. In the early stage, complete recovery can be achieved with a single dose of penicillin.

Symptoms

Primary: painless, hard-edged ulcer (chancre) in the genital area
Secondary: widespread skin rash including palms and soles
Secondary: condyloma lata, oral ulcers, malaise, fever
Latent: no symptoms, positive serology
Tertiary: gumma, cardiovascular and neurological findings
Painless enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes (in primary stage)

Risk Factors

Unprotected sexual intercourse
Multiple sexual partners
HIV positivity
Drug use
Poverty and inadequate access to healthcare
Not screened during pregnancy

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When a painless sore is noticed in the genital area
  • When widespread skin rash including the palms begins
  • After STI-risk contact for screening
  • As part of routine prenatal screening during pregnancy

Treatment Methods

01
Primary and secondary syphilis: benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM single dose
02
Latent syphilis: weekly benzathine penicillin G, 3 doses total
03
Neurosyphilis: IV crystalline penicillin for 10-14 days
04
Penicillin allergy: doxycycline or ceftriaxone (desensitization in pregnancy)
05
Notification and treatment of sexual partners are mandatory
06
Early diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy to prevent congenital syphilis

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.