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Status Epilepticus

Seizures lasting longer than 5 minutes or recurring without recovery are a neurological crisis requiring emergency intervention.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Status Epilepticus?

Status epilepticus is defined as a single seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or recurrent seizures between which consciousness is not fully regained. Neuronal energy reserves are depleted and permanent brain damage may develop.

It has convulsive (with shaking) and nonconvulsive (without shaking) subtypes; nonconvulsive forms may present only with confusion and diagnosis can be delayed.

Time is critical; as the seizure duration extends, response to drugs decreases. Calling 112 and early benzodiazepine administration are life-saving.

Symptoms

Tonic-clonic convulsions lasting more than 5 minutes
Sequential seizures without regained consciousness in between
Fixed gaze and unresponsiveness
Tongue biting, urinary incontinence
Cyanosis and respiratory distress
Foamy oral secretions

Risk Factors

Known epilepsy and medication non-adherence
Alcohol or drug withdrawal
Electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia, hypoglycemia)
Central nervous system infection and trauma
Stroke and brain tumor
Fever (in children)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Call 112 immediately if a seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes
  • Make an emergency call if a second seizure develops without regained consciousness in between
  • Every patient with a first-time seizure should go to the emergency department
  • Eclampsia should be considered when a seizure occurs in pregnancy

Treatment Methods

01
Patient is placed on the side, nothing is inserted into the mouth
02
Airway patency is ensured, oxygen is given
03
First-line: intravenous, intramuscular or rectal benzodiazepine
04
Second-line: intravenous antiepileptic (phenytoin, levetiracetam, valproate)
05
Treatment in intensive care with general anesthesia for refractory cases
06
Investigation of the underlying cause (CT, MRI, laboratory)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Acil Servis Department

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.