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Snake Bite Emergency

Snake envenomation is a life-threatening emergency in which early antivenom administration is critical.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Snake Bite Emergency?

Snake envenomation is the systemic and local damage caused by toxins entering the body after the bite of a venomous snake.

In Turkey vipers (Vipera ammodytes, Vipera lebetina) are the most common; the venom contains haemotoxic, cytotoxic and partially neurotoxic components.

Local oedema, bleeding diathesis, coagulopathy, hypotension and acute kidney injury are critical findings; first aid principles and timing of antivenom determine outcome.

Symptoms

Two fang marks and pain at the bite site
Rapidly progressing oedema and ecchymosis
Bleeding from gums, urine and bite site
Hypotension, tachycardia and weakness
Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain
Neurological signs (ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia)

Risk Factors

Outdoor work, mountaineering and camping in summer
Walking in vegetation in shorts and open shoes
Hand exposure when working among rocks and woodpiles
Children and small body mass
Coagulation disorder or anticoagulant use
Delayed presentation and traditional remedies

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Every snake bite must be brought to the emergency department immediately
  • Tourniquet, sucking the wound and incising are absolutely contraindicated
  • The bitten limb is immobilised below heart level and the patient kept still
  • Bleeding, hypotension and progressive oedema indicate envenomation

Treatment Methods

01
Immobilise the limb with a splint and remove rings and tight clothing
02
Polyvalent snake antivenom (in symptomatic envenomation, by infusion)
03
Pre-medication and observation for anaphylaxis
04
Fluid resuscitation, blood products if needed
05
Tetanus prophylaxis and antibiotics for wound management
06
Coagulation panel, kidney function and CK monitoring

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.