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Rubella in Pregnancy (German Measles)

Rubella acquired in pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome with cardiac, ocular, and hearing anomalies.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Rubella in Pregnancy (German Measles)?

Rubella is an RNA virus belonging to the togavirus family. It is transmitted by droplets and usually causes a mild rash illness. However, primary infection acquired in pregnancy can pass to the fetus and cause severe teratogenic effects.

In first trimester infection, the risk of fetal transmission and malformation reaches 80%; in the second trimester the rate decreases, and after the 20th gestational week the risk of severe anomaly is rare. The classic triad in congenital rubella syndrome is patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary stenosis, cataract, and sensorineural hearing loss.

MMR vaccine is included in the national schedule in Turkey; however, seronegativity persists in some immigrant populations. Checking pre-pregnancy rubella IgG status and pre-pregnancy vaccination of seronegative women are the standard approach.

Symptoms

Low-grade fever, fatigue, and arthralgia in the mother
Maculopapular rash starting on the face
Suboccipital and postauricular lymphadenopathy
Conjunctivitis
IUGR on ultrasonography
Fetal cardiac and ophthalmic anomalies
'Blueberry muffin' appearance at birth (dermal erythropoiesis)

Risk Factors

Unvaccinated or seronegative pregnant women
Being in endemic regions
Immigrant or refugee status
History of vaccine refusal
Crowded living conditions
Being a healthcare worker

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • In preconception counseling for women planning pregnancy
  • After contact with a person with rash
  • When fever and rash appear in the first trimester
  • When rubella IgG is detected as negative
  • When fetal anomaly is detected on ultrasonography

Treatment Methods

01
Pre-pregnancy rubella IgG check and MMR vaccination in seronegatives
02
In seronegative pregnant women, vaccine is postponed until after pregnancy
03
IgM and avidity test in acute infection
04
Amniocentesis PCR for fetal diagnosis (after 20-22 weeks)
05
Symptomatic supportive treatment (no antiviral with proven efficacy)
06
Newborn follow-up: hearing, eye examination, cardiac evaluation

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.