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Robotic Spinal Fusion with Navigation

Computer-assisted robotic-guided pedicle screw placement during spinal fusion using preoperative CT-based planning, intraoperative imaging, and robotic arm assistance (Mazor X, ExcelsiusGPS, ROSA Spine, Cirq) for precise screw trajectories with reduced radiation, blood loss, and complication rates compared to freehand or fluoroscopy-only techniques.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Robotic Spinal Fusion with Navigation?

Robotic spinal fusion with navigation combines three technologies: preoperative CT-based virtual planning of pedicle screw trajectories, intraoperative imaging (O-arm, fluoroscopy, or registration-based), and robotic arm or end-effector guidance for precise drilling/screw insertion. Major systems include Mazor X Stealth Edition (Medtronic, with optical navigation integration), ExcelsiusGPS (Globus, end-effector robot), ROSA Spine (Zimmer Biomet), Stryker Mako Spine (haptic robot), Brainlab Cirq (passive robotic arm), and Verb Surgical Verb.

Indications include deformity correction (adolescent and adult scoliosis, sagittal imbalance), minimally invasive lumbar fusion (TLIF, PLIF, lateral approaches), high-cervical instrumentation (C1-C2 transarticular, C2 pedicle screws), revision surgery with distorted anatomy, oncologic spine surgery with planned vertebrectomy, and spinal trauma with displaced fractures. Robotic systems are particularly valuable for cases with abnormal anatomy or when fluoroscopy guidance is inadequate.

Workflow includes preoperative planning (CT scan with virtual screw placement on 3D model), intraoperative registration (matching robot coordinate system to patient anatomy via O-arm, fluoroscopy, or imageless techniques), robotic guidance (positioning of guide tube along planned trajectory), and execution (surgeon drills/places screws through guide). Advantages include accuracy >98% (Gertzbein-Robbins grade A+B), reduced radiation exposure, decreased blood loss, lower complication rates (lower vertebral artery injury, lower revision rates), and shorter learning curve compared to freehand techniques. Limitations include cost, longer setup time, and registration errors.

Symptoms

Severe spinal deformity requiring correction (scoliosis >50°)
Spondylolisthesis with neurologic symptoms
Degenerative disc disease with instability
Spinal trauma with vertebral fracture displacement
Spinal tumor requiring resection and stabilization
Failed prior spinal surgery (revision indication)
Cervical instability requiring posterior fusion

Risk Factors

Severe scoliotic deformity (>50° Cobb angle)
Adult spinal deformity with sagittal imbalance
Osteoporosis (challenging screw fixation)
Distorted pedicle anatomy from prior surgery
Need for high-cervical instrumentation (C1-C2)
Multilevel fusion requirements
Revision spine surgery

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Persistent severe back or neck pain not responsive to conservative therapy
  • Progressive neurological deficit (weakness, numbness)
  • Spinal deformity progression on serial imaging
  • Spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication
  • Cervical or lumbar radiculopathy with structural cause
  • Failed prior spinal surgery (recurrent symptoms)
  • Spinal trauma with potential instability

Treatment Methods

01
Preoperative CT-based virtual surgical planning
02
Robot-guided pedicle screw placement (Mazor X, ExcelsiusGPS, ROSA Spine)
03
Intraoperative imaging with O-arm or fluoroscopy for navigation registration
04
Minimally invasive percutaneous screw placement
05
Multi-level fusion with robotic guidance for accuracy
06
Postoperative confirmation imaging (CT)
07
Combined with deformity correction maneuvers (osteotomy, derotation)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.