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Ankle Sprain

Injury to ankle ligaments, most commonly the lateral ligament complex.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Ankle Sprain?

Ankle sprain is the most common musculoskeletal injury, usually resulting from plantar flexion and inversion of the ankle.

The lateral ligament complex consists of anterior talofibular (ATFL — most commonly injured), calcaneofibular (CFL), and posterior talofibular (PTFL) ligaments.

Severity is graded I (microscopic tear, mild), II (partial tear, moderate), III (complete tear, severe); high ankle (syndesmotic) sprains involve the distal tibiofibular ligaments.

Ottawa Ankle Rules guide selective radiography to exclude fracture; ultrasound or MRI assesses ligament integrity in persistent or atypical cases.

Symptoms

Lateral ankle pain and swelling after inversion injury
Ecchymosis (bruising) over the lateral malleolus and foot
Tenderness on palpation of ATFL, CFL, or PTFL
Difficulty bearing weight (grade II-III)
Feeling of instability with walking on uneven ground
Recurrent sprains suggesting chronic lateral ankle instability

Risk Factors

Sports involving cutting, jumping, and running (basketball, soccer, volleyball)
Previous ankle sprain (highest risk factor)
Walking or running on uneven surfaces
Inappropriate footwear
Generalized ligamentous laxity
Peroneal muscle weakness or poor proprioception

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Inability to bear weight four steps after injury
  • Bone tenderness over malleoli, base of fifth metatarsal, or navicular
  • Persistent instability or recurrent sprains despite rehabilitation

Treatment Methods

01
PRICE protocol (protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation) for first 48–72 hours
02
NSAIDs and paracetamol for pain control
03
Functional bracing or lace-up ankle brace for protected weight-bearing
04
Early range of motion and progressive weight-bearing exercises
05
Proprioceptive/balance training (wobble board) to prevent recurrence
06
Surgical lateral ligament repair (Broström-Gould) for chronic lateral ankle instability

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.