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Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune disease affecting the joints, causing synovial inflammation and joint damage.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive inflammatory joint disease that begins when immune system cells attack the joint lining (synovial membrane). Synovial hypertrophy and pannus formation destroy cartilage and bone.

Affecting approximately 1% of the population, RA symmetrically involves the hand, wrist, knee, and foot joints. Morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour is a typical feature. Extra-articular organs such as the lungs, heart, and eyes can also be affected.

Untreated RA leads to work disability in the majority of patients within 10 years. Early diagnosis and use of biological agents can greatly change this process.

Symptoms

Symmetric swelling and pain in small hand and foot joints
Morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour
Increased joint temperature and redness
Weakness, fatigue, and mild fever
Rheumatoid nodules (firm subcutaneous lumps)
Joint deformities in advanced stage (ulnar deviation of fingers)
Weight loss and general health deterioration

Risk Factors

Female sex (3 times more common)
Genetic predisposition (HLA-DR4)
Smoking (increases both risk and severity)
Periodontal disease
Obesity
History of infection (may be a trigger)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If there is swelling and pain in two or more joints for more than 6 weeks
  • If morning stiffness lasts longer than 1 hour
  • If there is family history and joint complaints have started
  • If you are planning pregnancy and have an RA diagnosis
  • If joint fever or sudden swelling develops during drug treatment (infection must be ruled out)

Treatment Methods

01
Disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs): methotrexate, leflunomide
02
Biological agents: TNF inhibitors, abatacept, rituximab
03
JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, baricitinib)
04
Corticosteroids (bridge therapy during flares)
05
Physical therapy, joint protection techniques, and splints
06
Joint prosthesis (advanced stage destructive arthritis)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Department

Let us help you

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.