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Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

A collection of physical and emotional symptoms arising in the premenstrual period due to hormonal changes.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)?

Premenstrual syndrome presents with symptoms that become prominent in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (the 2nd week after ovulation) and resolve within a few days after menstruation begins. About 75% of women of reproductive age experience some of these symptoms; in 20-30%, symptoms impair daily functioning.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the severe form of PMS; marked depression, anxiety, or irritability stand out and it usually requires drug therapy.

Although the exact cause of PMS is unknown, serotonin deficiency, estrogen-progesterone changes, and differences in sensitivity in GABA receptors are counted among the possible mechanisms.

Symptoms

Irritability, anger, and mood swings
Sadness, urge to cry, and depressive tendency
Abdominal bloating and mild weight gain
Breast tenderness
Headache and back pain
Difficulty concentrating and fatigue
Sleep irregularities and appetite changes

Risk Factors

Family history of PMS or depression
Stress and anxiety disorder
Inadequate sleep and physical inactivity
Caffeine and alcohol consumption
Vitamin D and magnesium deficiency
Smoking

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If symptoms are seriously disrupting work, school, or social life
  • If self-harm thoughts emerge in the premenstrual period
  • If symptoms are not limited to the premenstrual period but last all month
  • If no improvement is achieved with painkillers and lifestyle changes

Treatment Methods

01
Lifestyle: Regular aerobic exercise, healthy nutrition, sleep hygiene
02
Nutritional supplements: Calcium (1200 mg/day), magnesium, vitamin B6
03
SSRI antidepressants: Luteal phase or continuous use (severe PMS/PMDD)
04
Oral contraceptives: Symptom relief by reducing hormone fluctuations
05
Cognitive behavioral therapy: Management of stress and emotional symptoms
06
Spironolactone: For bloating and fluid retention

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.