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Placental Abruption (Abruptio Placentae)

Premature separation of the placenta before delivery is an obstetric emergency.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Placental Abruption (Abruptio Placentae)?

Placental abruption (abruptio placentae) is premature separation of the placenta from its normal implantation site before fetal delivery. Its incidence is around 0.4-1% and it accounts for 10-15% of perinatal deaths.

Clinical presentation ranges from partial (small separation, mild bleeding) to complete (large separation, massive hemorrhage, fetal demise). In some cases blood is concealed within the uterus (concealed hemorrhage).

Complications include maternal shock, DIC, acute kidney injury, Couvelaire uterus, fetal distress, and intrauterine death. Treatment involves rapid stabilization and is often emergency cesarean section.

Symptoms

Sudden onset of vaginal bleeding (dark red)
Severe abdominal pain and back pain
Increased uterine tone, 'board-like' rigidity
Decreased or absent fetal movements
Signs of fetal distress on NST
Hypotension, tachycardia, and signs of shock

Risk Factors

Maternal hypertension or preeclampsia
Trauma (motor vehicle accident, fall)
Cocaine and tobacco use
Sudden amnioreduction in polyhydramnios
Previous abruption history
Advanced maternal age, multiparity

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When vaginal bleeding starts in pregnancy (emergency)
  • Sudden severe abdominal pain
  • When fetal movements decrease
  • After abdominal trauma
  • Routine follow-up in hypertensive pregnancies

Treatment Methods

01
Emergency hospital admission and maternal-fetal stabilization
02
Resuscitation with IV fluids and blood products
03
Fetal monitoring (NST, US)
04
Mild cases: close follow-up and conservative management
05
Severe cases: emergency cesarean section
06
DIC treatment and management of postpartum hemorrhage

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.