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Placenta Previa

Abnormal placental implantation over or near the internal cervical os that can cause painless antepartum bleeding.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

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This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Placenta Previa?

Placenta previa occurs when part of the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment, overlying or within 2 cm of the internal cervical os; it complicates approximately 0.3–0.5% of pregnancies at term.

Modern transvaginal ultrasound differentiates low-lying placenta from true previa and has largely replaced older classifications such as marginal or partial.

Many early-pregnancy diagnoses resolve through placental migration as the uterus grows; persistence into the third trimester warrants careful planning.

Associated placenta accreta spectrum disorders should be actively excluded, especially in women with prior cesarean delivery or uterine surgery.

Symptoms

Painless bright red vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks of gestation
Bleeding that starts spontaneously, often without contractions
Soft, non-tender uterus on examination
Abnormal fetal lie or presentation due to placental position
Signs of maternal hypovolaemia in heavy bleeds
Frequently no symptoms; diagnosed incidentally on routine ultrasound

Risk Factors

Previous cesarean delivery or uterine surgery including myomectomy
Multiparity and advanced maternal age
Multiple gestation and large placenta
Prior placenta previa
Smoking and cocaine use
Assisted reproductive technology

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Any vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks, even if painless and self-limited
  • Known low-lying placenta with contractions, bleeding, or rupture of membranes
  • Light-headedness, rapid pulse, or reduced fetal movements during a known bleed

Treatment Methods

01
Diagnosis with transvaginal ultrasound and targeted evaluation for placenta accreta spectrum with ultrasound and, if needed, MRI
02
Avoidance of digital vaginal examination, sexual activity, and strenuous exertion
03
Admission for active bleeding with intravenous access, group and cross-match, and continuous fetal monitoring
04
Antenatal corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks if preterm delivery is anticipated
05
Planned cesarean delivery around 36–37 weeks for persistent previa, earlier if bleeding cannot be controlled
06
Multidisciplinary surgical team and blood product availability when accreta spectrum is suspected

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.