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Parvovirus B19 in Pregnancy

Parvovirus B19, the agent of erythema infectiosum, can cause fetal anemia and hydrops in pregnancy.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Parvovirus B19 in Pregnancy?

Parvovirus B19 is a small DNA virus that infects erythroid progenitor cells, causing transient aplasia. In children it causes erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), and arthropathy in adults. Transmission is via droplets and blood.

In primary pregnancy infection, the probability of fetal transmission is 30-50%, but clinical fetal disease is around 2-10%. The most critical period for the fetus is 9-20 weeks gestation, when fetal hematopoiesis is concentrated in the liver and the suppressive effect of the virus is pronounced.

Fetal anemia, hypoxia, and heart failure can lead to non-immune hydrops. Serial middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) Doppler measurements are the gold standard for diagnosis. Intrauterine transfusion is life-saving in severe anemia.

Symptoms

Flu-like illness and arthralgia in the mother
'Slapped cheek' appearance rash
Symmetric arthropathy (hand, wrist, knee)
Transient aplastic crisis in maternal circulation
Non-immune hydrops on ultrasonography
Fetal ascites, pleural and pericardial effusion
High peak systolic velocity on MCA Doppler

Risk Factors

Close contact with young children
School or kindergarten worker
Healthcare personnel
Seronegative pregnant women
During viremia season (spring)
Crowded household environment

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When there is a history of contact with a child with rash
  • When atypical arthritis or rash develops in the mother
  • When fetal effusion or ascites is detected on ultrasonography
  • When PSV is found high on MCA Doppler
  • When intrauterine fetal death or hydrops develops

Treatment Methods

01
Parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG serology
02
Serial MCA-PSV Doppler monitoring in positive cases
03
Cordocentesis and intrauterine transfusion in severe fetal anemia
04
Tocolytic and corticosteroid (if preterm delivery is needed)
05
Supportive care: Hydration, symptomatic approach
06
Fetal and neonatal neurodevelopmental follow-up after pregnancy

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.