Osteosarcoma

The most common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board

Last updated: June 9, 2026

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Osteosarcoma?

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor (20%). Most cases occur between the ages of 10 and 25; a second peak appears over age 60 secondary to Paget's disease.

It most commonly arises in the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. The tumor grows rapidly and metastasizes hematogenously to the lungs early. Osteoid and bone formation are histopathologic distinguishing features.

Treatment combines neoadjuvant chemotherapy, wide surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy; the 5-year survival rate in localized disease may reach 60-70%.

Symptoms

Progressive bone pain

Local mass and swelling

Night pain

Restricted joint movement

Pathologic fracture

Limping

Weight loss and fatigue

Risk Factors

Age 10-25 and rapid growth period

Male sex

Tall stature

Prior radiotherapy

Retinoblastoma genetic predisposition

Paget's bone disease

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

When an adolescent has persistent bone pain
When night pain is present
When a mass is palpable in bone
When a pathologic fracture has occurred
When pain unrelated to activity is present

Treatment Methods

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (MAP protocol)

Wide surgical resection (limb-sparing)

Endoprosthesis or allograft reconstruction

Amputation (in necessary cases)

Adjuvant chemotherapy

Pulmonary metastasectomy

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.