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Hyperthermia and Heat Stroke

Failure to dissipate heat in extreme temperatures is a life-threatening multisystem emergency.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Hyperthermia and Heat Stroke?

Hyperthermia describes a body temperature elevated by failure of thermoregulation rather than fever. Heat stroke is the most severe form, with core temperature above 40°C and altered consciousness, seizures or shock.

Two patterns are recognised: classic (non-exertional) heat stroke seen in older adults during heatwaves, and exertional heat stroke in young athletes or labourers. Without rapid management both carry significant mortality.

Multi-organ failure (acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hepatic failure) can develop. Early aggressive cooling within the first 30 minutes is the cornerstone of treatment.

Symptoms

Core temperature above 40°C
Altered consciousness, confusion or coma
Hot, dry skin (classic) or profuse sweating (exertional)
Tachycardia, hypotension and tachypnoea
Nausea, vomiting and headache
Seizures and signs of multi-organ failure

Risk Factors

Advanced age and chronic disease
Anticholinergic, diuretic or antipsychotic medication
Heatwave with high humidity
Strenuous activity in hot environments
Dehydration and inadequate fluid intake
Children and infants

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Any high body temperature with altered consciousness
  • Heat exposure with seizures or collapse
  • Heat exhaustion that does not improve after rest and rehydration
  • Heatstroke risk in older or chronically ill people

Treatment Methods

01
Rapid cooling — cold-water immersion or evaporative cooling
02
Remove clothing, spray with water and ventilate aggressively
03
Intravenous fluid resuscitation and electrolyte replacement
04
Continuous core-temperature, ECG and urine-output monitoring
05
Benzodiazepines for seizures or shivering
06
Avoid antipyretics — they have no role in non-pyrogenic hyperthermia

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.