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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection

The most common sexually transmitted virus worldwide; high-risk types cause cancer

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection?

Human papillomavirus is extremely common — most sexually active people will be exposed at some point in life.

Most infections clear spontaneously within 1-2 years; persistent infection with high-risk types can lead to pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions over many years.

HPV 6 and 11 cause about 90% of genital warts (condylomata acuminata); HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancers.

Prevention relies on the 9-valent HPV vaccine (most effective when given at age 9-14), regular cervical screening with cytology and HPV testing, and consistent condom use.

Symptoms

Cauliflower-like warts in the genital, anal, or surrounding areas
Itching, mild bleeding, or discomfort over warts
Most infections are entirely asymptomatic
Years may pass without symptoms with high-risk types
Abnormal result on Pap smear or HPV test
Sore throat or voice change in oropharyngeal involvement

Risk Factors

Multiple sexual partners
Early age of first sexual activity
Lack of HPV vaccination
Immunosuppression (HIV, transplant)
Smoking
Inconsistent condom use

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If new lesions or growths appear in the genital area
  • If Pap smear or HPV test is abnormal
  • For vaccination counselling (ages 9-45)
  • If a sexual partner is diagnosed with HPV or genital warts

Treatment Methods

01
Topical wart therapies: imiquimod, podophyllotoxin, trichloroacetic acid
02
Wart ablation: cryotherapy, laser, or electrocautery
03
High-grade cervical lesions (CIN 2-3): LEEP/cone biopsy
04
No specific antiviral cures the virus itself
05
9-valent HPV vaccine for primary prevention and recurrence reduction
06
Continued adherence to cervical screening programme

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Regular Gynecological Check-up

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Regular gynecological check-ups enable early diagnosis of many women's diseases and increase treatment success. It is recommended that every sexually active woman or woman over 21 see a gynecologist at least once a year.

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Cervical cancer develops from uncontrolled growth of cells in the cervix and is among the most common women's cancers worldwide. Precancerous lesions can be recognized with regular Pap smear and HPV testing.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.