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High-Altitude Illness

Acute illnesses caused by reduced oxygen pressure at high altitude pose a vital risk for climbers.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is High-Altitude Illness?

High-altitude illness is the general name for clinical conditions developing due to reduced partial oxygen pressure above 2,500 meters. It has three main forms: acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE).

Symptoms can begin 6-24 hours after ascent. Slow ascent, adequate rest, and hydration are the most effective preventive measures. It is commonly seen worldwide among climbers and trekking tourists.

The basis of treatment is early diagnosis and rapid descent. Oxygen therapy and drugs such as acetazolamide, dexamethasone, and nifedipine are used in selected cases.

Symptoms

Headache, weakness, loss of appetite
Insomnia and sleep disturbance
Nausea and vomiting
Shortness of breath and cough (HAPE)
Pink frothy sputum
Ataxia, confusion, and loss of consciousness (HACE)
Cyanosis and tachypnea

Risk Factors

Rapid ascent
Previous high-altitude illness history
Sedentary lifestyle
Failure to recognize physiological adaptation time at high altitude
Chronic lung and heart disease
Alcohol and sedative drug use

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Emergency descent is required in suspected HAPE or HACE
  • Apply immediately if ataxia, severe headache, and altered consciousness are present
  • Stop climbing if shortness of breath does not resolve with rest
  • Pre-trekking physician consultation is helpful for preventive treatment

Treatment Methods

01
Rapid descent and rest
02
High-flow oxygen support
03
Acetazolamide in mild-moderate AMS
04
Dexamethasone in HACE
05
Nifedipine and PDE-5 inhibitors in HAPE
06
Hyperbaric chamber when available

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.