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Hemorrhagic Shock

Hemorrhagic shock from severe bleeding requires rapid fluid and blood-product therapy.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Hemorrhagic Shock?

Hemorrhagic shock is a subtype of hypovolemic shock in which acute, severe blood loss disrupts tissue perfusion. Trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, obstetric hemorrhage, and vascular ruptures are leading causes.

Hemorrhage classification spans from less than 15% loss to fatal losses above 40%. Over time, coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis form the lethal 'triangle of death.'

Early bleeding control, balanced blood-product transfusion (massive transfusion protocol), and surgical hemostasis are the cornerstones of treatment.

Symptoms

Pale, cold, clammy skin
Tachycardia and thready pulse
Hypotension and narrowed pulse pressure
Altered consciousness and restlessness
Oliguria and thirst
Rapid, shallow breathing

Risk Factors

Severe trauma and traffic accidents
Peptic ulcer and variceal bleeding
Postpartum atony
Anticoagulant therapy
Liver cirrhosis and coagulation disorders
Recent surgical intervention

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Call 112 immediately when visible severe bleeding occurs
  • Sudden weakness, cold sweat, and fainting may signal serious bleeding
  • Go to the ER for hematemesis, fresh rectal blood, or melena
  • Rapid presentation is essential after trauma with loss of consciousness or cold skin

Treatment Methods

01
Direct pressure on the bleeding source and tourniquet (when appropriate)
02
Two large-bore IV lines and crystalloid replacement
03
Massive transfusion protocol (1:1:1 RBC/plasma/platelets)
04
Tranexamic acid (early)
05
Control of hypothermia and acidosis
06
Surgical or interventional radiology hemostasis

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.