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HELLP Syndrome Subtypes

Partial, complete, and atypical forms of HELLP syndrome require different laboratory findings and management strategies.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is HELLP Syndrome Subtypes?

HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets) is a severe form of preeclampsia. The Mississippi classification divides it into three classes based on platelet count: class I (<50,000), class II (50-100,000), and class III (100-150,000). The Tennessee classification distinguishes complete from partial HELLP.

In partial HELLP, at least one of the three findings may be incompletely developed. In atypical HELLP, despite clinical suspicion, classical laboratory criteria are not fully met; these cases can also have a severe course. Distinguishing the subtypes is critical for follow-up and decisions about delivery.

HELLP syndrome carries risks of placental abruption, DIC, acute kidney injury, hepatic capsule rupture, and maternal death. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, corticosteroids and timely delivery are life-saving.

Symptoms

Right upper quadrant or epigastric pain
Nausea and vomiting
Headache and visual disturbances
Hypertension (sometimes can be normotensive)
Weakness and fatigue
Petechiae and easy bruising
Jaundice

Risk Factors

History of preeclampsia
Chronic hypertension and pregestational diabetes
Previous HELLP syndrome
Advanced maternal age
Multiple pregnancy
Autoimmune diseases (SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Sudden onset of epigastric or right upper quadrant pain
  • Nausea, vomiting, headache, and visual disturbance
  • Petechiae on skin and mucosa
  • Worsening in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia
  • Falling platelet count on laboratory follow-up

Treatment Methods

01
Magnesium sulfate (seizure prophylaxis)
02
Antihypertensive therapy (labetalol, nifedipine)
03
Dexamethasone or betamethasone (fetal lung maturation)
04
Platelet and fresh frozen plasma transfusion (if needed)
05
Timely delivery after hemodynamic stabilization
06
Postpartum intensive care follow-up

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.