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Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

Locally aggressive bone tumor located at the epiphysis of long bones.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Giant Cell Tumor of Bone?

Giant cell tumor of bone (osteoclastoma) is a locally aggressive benign bone tumor containing many osteoclast-like giant cells. It is usually seen in individuals aged 20-40 and after the growth plate has closed.

It most commonly involves the distal femur, proximal tibia, and distal radius. The tumor has an eccentric location in the epiphyseal-metaphyseal region and may extend to the joint surface.

Although considered benign, lung metastases occur in 2-5% of cases; the local recurrence rate is around 25-50%. Targeted therapies such as denosumab have markedly advanced its management.

Symptoms

Progressive pain near the joint
Local swelling
Restricted joint range of motion
Pathological fracture
Joint effusion
Increased warmth and tenderness
Palpable mass

Risk Factors

Age 20-40
Female sex (slight predominance)
Closure of the growth plate
Paget disease (rare)
Prior radiotherapy
Genetic predisposition
Lesions located in the epiphysis

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If there is persistent pain near the joint
  • If local swelling is enlarging
  • If pathological fracture is suspected
  • If joint movements are restricted
  • If night pain is present

Treatment Methods

01
Extended curettage and bone grafting
02
Adjuvant therapy (phenol, liquid nitrogen)
03
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) filling
04
Denosumab (anti-RANKL) therapy
05
Wide resection (in recurrent cases)
06
Endoprosthetic reconstruction

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.