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Female Infertility

Inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse requires comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Female Infertility?

Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after 1 year (6 months in women over 35) of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects approximately 15% of couples; 40% is female factor, 40% is male factor, and 20% is unexplained or combined causes.

Main causes of female infertility: ovulation disorders (PCOS, hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disease), tube damage (PID, previous tube surgery), endometriosis, uterine anomalies (fibroid, polyp, septate uterus), and premature ovarian failure.

Evaluation includes hormonal tests (FSH, LH, AMH, thyroid), hysterosalpingography (tubal patency), transvaginal ultrasonography, and laparoscopy if necessary. Semen analysis of the partner should be done concurrently.

Symptoms

Inability to achieve pregnancy after more than one year of unprotected intercourse
Menstrual irregularity or absence
Painful menstruation (suggests endometriosis)
Galactorrhea (milk-like nipple discharge — hyperprolactinemia)
Hirsutism and acne (PCOS)

Risk Factors

Age 35 and over
Diagnosis of PCOS or endometriosis
History of sexually transmitted infection
Smoking
Extreme thinness or obesity
Previous pelvic surgery

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • After 1 year of unsuccessful attempts in women under 35
  • After 6 months of unsuccessful attempts in women over 35
  • Earlier if there are signs of menstrual irregularity, pelvic pain, or endometriosis
  • When the male partner's semen analysis comes out abnormal

Treatment Methods

01
Ovulation induction: clomiphene citrate, letrozole, or gonadotropins
02
Surgery: Hysteroscopic polyp/fibroid resection, laparoscopic endometrioma removal
03
Intrauterine insemination (IUI): placing processed sperm into the uterus
04
In vitro fertilization (IVF): laboratory fertilization and embryo transfer
05
Oocyte donation: In women with insufficient ovarian reserve
06
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT): In recurrent loss or presence of genetic risk

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.