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Cruciate Ligament Tear (ACL / PCL)

Tear of the anterior or posterior cruciate ligament, one of the main stabilizing ligaments of the knee joint.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Cruciate Ligament Tear (ACL / PCL)?

The cruciate ligaments (anterior cruciate ligament — ACL, and posterior cruciate ligament — PCL) are strong ligament structures that cross in an X shape between the femur and tibia, providing anterior-posterior stability of the knee joint. ACL injuries are much more common than PCL injuries.

ACL tears usually occur with sudden direction changes, sudden stops, incorrect landings when jumping and descending, or direct blows. A 'pop' sound may be heard at the moment of the tear and the knee immediately swells. Concomitant meniscus and collateral ligament injuries are also common.

If untreated, it predisposes to knee instability, meniscus tears, and early osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic reconstruction is recommended for active athletes and young individuals.

Symptoms

'Pop' sound at the moment of injury
Rapid knee joint swelling (hemarthrosis)
Knee giving-way sensation and instability
Difficulty bearing weight
Pain and restriction in movement
Recurrent swelling episodes (in chronic phase)

Risk Factors

Pivoting sports such as football, basketball, skiing, volleyball
Female sex (anatomic and hormonal factors)
Inadequate neuromuscular training
Narrow notch (femoral notch stenosis)
Previous ACL injury
Muscle weakness (hamstring/quadriceps imbalance)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • 'Pop' sound and rapid swelling at the moment of injury (emergency evaluation)
  • Recurrent knee giving-way episodes
  • If you want to return to sports or active life
  • For treatment plan if tear is confirmed by MRI
  • If ipsilateral meniscus injury is suspected

Treatment Methods

01
RICE protocol and crutches (acute phase)
02
Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction surgery (with graft)
03
Comprehensive preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation
04
Neuromuscular training and balance education
05
Conservative treatment (for elderly, low-activity patients)
06
9-12 months progressive sport rehabilitation

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.