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Bone Tumors

What you need to know about primary bone cancers and bone metastases.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Onkoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Bone Tumors?

Bone tumors are divided into primary tumors arising from bone tissue and metastatic tumors spreading to bone from other organs. Among primary malignant bone tumors, osteosarcoma (especially in adolescents), chondrosarcoma (middle age) and Ewing sarcoma (children-young adults) are the most common.

Metastatic bone disease is far more common than primary bone tumors. Breast, prostate, lung, kidney and thyroid cancers are the leading cancers that metastasize to bone. Bone metastases can lead to serious complications such as pain, fractures (pathologic fractures) and elevated calcium (hypercalcemia).

In the treatment of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, the standard approach is the combination of preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy, followed by limb-sparing surgery and postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy. Thanks to this approach, amputation rates have decreased markedly.

Symptoms

Pain in the bone or joint area (especially at night or during activity)
Swelling and a palpable mass
Fragile bone and pathologic fractures
Restricted movement
Fatigue and weight loss
Fever (may occur in Ewing sarcoma)
Numbness or weakness in the limb (with nerve compression)

Risk Factors

Previous radiotherapy exposure
Paget disease (bone disease)
Hereditary conditions such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and retinoblastoma
Adolescent period of rapid bone growth (for osteosarcoma)
Family history of bone tumors
Chronic bone infection (osteomyelitis)
Fibrous dysplasia

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When increasing pain occurs in a bone or joint area
  • When a bone fracture occurs without significant trauma (pathologic fracture)
  • When a hard, palpable mass is noticed over a bone
  • When a child or adolescent has bone pain that has not resolved for several weeks
  • When new bone pain develops in a patient with a known cancer

Treatment Methods

01
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: To shrink the tumor before surgery
02
Wide local resection: Limb-sparing surgery or, if necessary, amputation
03
Adjuvant chemotherapy: Systemic therapy after surgery
04
Radiotherapy: Especially in Ewing sarcoma and inoperable cases
05
Denosumab: For giant cell tumor of bone and bone metastases
06
Bisphosphonates and denosumab: To prevent complications related to bone metastases

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Onkoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.