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Birth Control Methods

Contraceptive choice should be personalized according to the individual's health status, lifestyle, and future pregnancy plans.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department. Book Appointment →

What is Birth Control Methods?

Contraception covers all methods and tools used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. The Pearl Index (annual failure rate) is the standard measure used to compare the effectiveness of methods.

Hormonal methods include combined oral contraceptives, progestin-only pills, injections, subcutaneous implants, and hormone-releasing IUDs. Barrier methods (condoms, diaphragm) also provide protection against sexually transmitted infections.

Intrauterine devices (copper or hormonal IUDs) are in the long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) category and have the highest effectiveness rates. Tubal ligation and vasectomy are permanent methods.

Symptoms

Menstrual irregularity at the start of contraception may be normal
Nausea, breast tenderness, and headache in hormonal methods are temporary side effects
Heavier menstrual bleeding may be experienced in the first months with copper IUD
Irregular spotting may be seen with implants and injections
Severe pain and bleeding developing with any contraceptive should be evaluated

Risk Factors

Smoking over age 35 (VTE risk with combined OCPs)
Migraine with aura (estrogen-containing methods should be used cautiously)
Uncontrolled hypertension
Active liver disease
History of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
Certain hormone-sensitive cancer types

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When personalized counseling is wanted for method selection or change
  • When side effects not managed with the current method are experienced
  • For information about emergency contraception (morning-after pill)
  • Before stopping contraception when pregnancy is planned
  • When menstrual delay is experienced despite using a method

Treatment Methods

01
Combined oral contraceptives: Daily pill, Pearl Index <1
02
Progestin-releasing IUD (Mirena): 5 years effective, reduces bleeding
03
Copper IUD: Hormone-free, 10 years effective, can also be used for emergency contraception
04
Subcutaneous implant (Implanon): 3 years effective, no daily reminder needed
05
Combined hormonal patch or vaginal ring: Weekly/monthly change
06
Barrier methods: Male/female condom, diaphragm, cervical cap

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.