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Benzodiazepine Overdose and Flumazenil

Selective antagonist treatment for benzodiazepine intoxication.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Benzodiazepine Overdose and Flumazenil?

Benzodiazepines act as positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-A receptor and produce sedation, amnesia, anxiolysis and respiratory depression; in overdose they cause coma and apnoea.

Treatment relies on airway, breathing and circulation support, supplemental oxygen and intubation when needed. Activated charcoal has limited usefulness within the first hour of ingestion.

Flumazenil is a specific benzodiazepine antagonist; it is reserved for selected cases such as iatrogenic over-sedation, given the risk of seizures, ventricular arrhythmia and acute withdrawal.

Symptoms

Sedation
Coma
Respiratory depression
Hypotension
Hypothermia
Slurred speech
Hyporeflexia

Risk Factors

Chronic benzodiazepine use
Polypharmacy and alcohol use
Older age
Renal or hepatic impairment
Suicidal ideation
Recent dose escalation
Concomitant opioid use

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Loss of consciousness
  • Respiratory depression
  • Severe drowsiness
  • Suspected mixed intoxication
  • Apnoea

Treatment Methods

01
Airway management and intubation
02
Supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation
03
Intravenous fluid and vasopressor support
04
Activated charcoal in selected cases
05
Carefully titrated low-dose flumazenil
06
Intensive care monitoring

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.