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Bankart Lesion

Avulsion of the anteroinferior glenoid labrum following anterior shoulder dislocation that compromises glenohumeral stability and predisposes to recurrent instability.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Bankart Lesion?

A Bankart lesion is avulsion of the anteroinferior glenoid labrum from the glenoid rim resulting from anterior shoulder dislocation; the labrum-ligament complex containing the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) provides primary static stability against anterior translation in the abducted externally rotated position.

Variants include classic soft tissue Bankart (labrum avulsed but bone intact), bony Bankart (labrum avulsed with anteroinferior glenoid bone fragment), ALPSA (anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion with medialized healing), and Perthes lesion (labrum avulsed but periosteum intact preventing displacement).

Recurrence rates after first dislocation are very high in young athletes (90% in patients under 20 years) and decrease with age; surgical Bankart repair (typically arthroscopic with suture anchors) reduces recurrence to 5-10% in expertly performed cases.

Symptoms

History of anterior shoulder dislocation
Sense of shoulder instability or apprehension
Apprehension with abduction and external rotation
Recurrent dislocations or subluxations
Pain with overhead activities and athletic positions
Crepitus, clicking, or popping
Decreased athletic performance

Risk Factors

Young age at first dislocation (under 20-25 years)
Athletic activities (contact sports, overhead sports)
Hyperlaxity and connective tissue disorders
Bony Hill-Sachs lesion on humeral head
Bony glenoid bone loss >20-25%
Multiple dislocations before stabilization
Male sex (more common dislocations)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • First-time anterior shoulder dislocation in young patient
  • Recurrent shoulder instability
  • Apprehension test positive
  • Failed conservative treatment
  • Athletic participation requiring stability
  • Concomitant Hill-Sachs lesion
  • Glenoid bone loss on imaging

Treatment Methods

01
MRI arthrogram for accurate labrum and bony assessment
02
Initial sling immobilization 1-3 weeks after dislocation
03
Physical therapy — rotator cuff strengthening and proprioception
04
Arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors (gold standard for soft tissue Bankart)
05
Open Bankart repair for severe bone loss
06
Latarjet procedure for bone loss >20% or failed prior repair
07
Post-operative rehabilitation 4-6 months with sport-specific protocols

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.