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Bacterial Meningitis Emergency Diagnosis and Treatment

Antibiotic delay in meningitis dramatically increases mortality.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Bacterial Meningitis Emergency Diagnosis and Treatment?

Bacterial meningitis is a bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Listeria monocytogenes are the most common organisms.

The classic meningitis triad (fever, neck stiffness, altered mental status) is present in only 44% of patients. Lumbar puncture and CSF analysis are the gold standard for diagnosis.

Empiric antibiotic therapy must be started as soon as possible in any patient with suspected meningitis. Dexamethasone improves neurological outcomes in pneumococcal meningitis.

Symptoms

High fever and chills
Severe headache
Neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity)
Photophobia (light sensitivity)
Altered consciousness and confusion
Petechial rash (in meningococcal meningitis)

Risk Factors

Splenectomy or immunodeficiency
Age (infants and people over 60)
Crowded living conditions (dormitories, barracks)
CSF fistula or cochlear implant
Complement deficiency

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Call 911 immediately for fever, headache, and neck stiffness together
  • Go to the emergency department for rash with fever and altered consciousness
  • Consult a physician for prophylaxis if you are a meningitis contact

Treatment Methods

01
Emergency empiric antibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone + vancomycin)
02
Dexamethasone (concurrently with or just before antibiotics)
03
Lumbar puncture for CSF analysis and culture
04
Fluid resuscitation and hemodynamic support
05
Contact prophylaxis (rifampin or ciprofloxacin)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Acil Servis Department

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.