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Amanita (Death Cap) Mushroom Poisoning

Amanita phalloides and similar amatoxin-containing mushrooms account for most fatal mushroom poisonings worldwide.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Amanita (Death Cap) Mushroom Poisoning?

Amatoxins found in Amanita phalloides (death cap), Amanita verna and some Lepiota species inhibit RNA polymerase II, causing apoptosis of hepatocytes and enterocytes. A single mushroom can be fatal in an adult.

The clinical course has three phases: severe gastroenteritis 6-24 hours after ingestion, an apparent recovery period at 24-72 hours, and fulminant hepatitis on days 3-5. Renal failure and coagulopathy may accompany.

Treatment is supportive and includes hepatoprotective agents such as silibinin, N-acetylcysteine and high-dose penicillin. Severe cases may require emergency liver transplantation.

Symptoms

6-24 hour latent period
Severe vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps
Dehydration and electrolyte disturbances
Apparent recovery (24-72 hours)
Jaundice, bleeding and encephalopathy
Acute liver and kidney failure

Risk Factors

Amateur mushroom foraging
Confusion of wild mushrooms with edible species
Ingestion by children playing in gardens
Cultural practices of traditional gathering
Increased incidence in autumn season
Regional prevalence of Amanita species

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Seek emergency care for any GI symptoms after eating mushrooms
  • Bring a mushroom sample or photograph if possible
  • A hospital with a transplant center is preferred
  • Family members who shared the meal should also be evaluated

Treatment Methods

01
Aggressive fluid and electrolyte replacement
02
Activated charcoal (in early period)
03
Intravenous silibinin, N-acetylcysteine and high-dose penicillin G
04
Monitoring of liver enzymes, INR, lactate and ammonia
05
Transplant evaluation according to the King's College criteria
06
Collaboration with gastroenterology and toxicology

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.