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Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

Fibrosis of the shoulder joint capsule causing range-of-motion limitation and severe pain.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)?

Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) is a chronic condition characterized by thickening and contraction of the glenohumeral joint capsule due to inflammation and fibrosis, leading to motion restriction in all directions and pain.

It progresses through three clinical stages: a freezing phase (6–9 months, increasing pain and restriction), a frozen phase (4–6 months, fixed restriction, decreasing pain), and a thawing phase (6–24 months, gradual recovery). Total duration may extend from 18 months to 3 years.

It may be more common and more severe in patients with diabetes and thyroid disease. Idiopathic, post-traumatic, and secondary types exist.

Symptoms

Restriction of motion in all directions (external rotation most affected)
Night pain and sleep disturbance
Difficulty bringing the arm to the cheek or combing hair
Severe pain on reaching behind the back
Sense of stiffness and rigidity in the shoulder
Marked loss of function in daily activities

Risk Factors

Diabetes mellitus (2–3 times higher risk)
Thyroid diseases
Long-term shoulder immobility
More common in women aged 40–60
Previous shoulder injury or surgery
Cardiovascular disease and Parkinson disease

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When increasing shoulder stiffness and pain begins
  • Loss of motion that limits daily activities
  • Early consultation in patients with diabetes or thyroid disease who develop shoulder pain
  • Severe night pain unresponsive to analgesics

Treatment Methods

01
Pain management: NSAIDs, oral or injected corticosteroids
02
Intensive physical therapy and stretching exercises
03
Hydrodilatation (capsule expansion with intra-articular saline injection)
04
Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA)
05
Arthroscopic capsular release (in refractory cases)
06
Home exercise program and long-term follow-up

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.