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Acute Liver Failure

Rapid deterioration of liver function leads to encephalopathy and multi-organ failure.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Acute Liver Failure?

Acute liver failure (ALF) is the development of hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy within weeks in a person without prior liver disease.

The most common causes are paracetamol (acetaminophen) toxicity, viral hepatitis (A, B, E), drug hepatotoxicity, autoimmune hepatitis, and ischemic hepatitis.

Treatment is in the intensive care setting; specific antidotes (N-acetylcysteine), supportive care, and emergency liver transplantation when needed are key.

Symptoms

Jaundice
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite
Altered consciousness (encephalopathy)
Bleeding tendency and bruising
Abdominal pain and ascites
Weakness, tachycardia, hypoglycemia

Risk Factors

Paracetamol overdose (accidental or suicidal)
Viral hepatitis A, B, E infection
Drug hepatotoxicity (tuberculosis drugs, antibiotics)
Autoimmune hepatitis
Mushroom poisoning (Amanita)
Ischemic hepatitis (shock)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Jaundice with altered consciousness is an emergency; call 112
  • Bleeding tendency and weakness require rapid presentation
  • Sudden worsening in a known hepatitis patient should be taken seriously
  • Even an asymptomatic paracetamol overdose requires emergency department visit

Treatment Methods

01
Intensive care monitoring and supportive therapy
02
N-acetylcysteine (for paracetamol and as a general hepatoprotective)
03
Management of hypoglycemia, coagulopathy, and electrolytes
04
Lactulose and rifaximin (for encephalopathy)
05
Referral to a liver transplant center
06
Stepwise approach (King's College criteria)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.