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Acute Abdomen and Bowel Perforation

A surgical emergency in which bowel perforation produces peritonitis.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Acil Servis department. Book Appointment →

What is Acute Abdomen and Bowel Perforation?

Bowel perforation is a surgical emergency caused by leakage of air and intestinal contents from the stomach or bowel into the peritoneal cavity. Peptic ulcer, diverticulitis, appendicitis and colorectal cancer are common causes.

Free air (pneumoperitoneum) is detected on upright abdominal radiograph or CT. Signs of peritonitis (board-like abdomen, rebound tenderness) mandate urgent surgery.

Treatment combines emergency laparotomy or laparoscopy to repair the perforation, peritoneal lavage and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Delay raises the risk of sepsis and multi-organ failure.

Symptoms

Sudden severe diffuse abdominal pain
Board-like abdomen with muscular guarding
Rebound tenderness
Fever and tachycardia
Nausea and vomiting
Reduced or absent bowel sounds

Risk Factors

Peptic ulcer disease
Diverticular disease
NSAID use
Colorectal cancer
Crohn disease
Older age

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Call emergency services immediately for sudden severe abdominal pain
  • Go to the emergency department for abdominal rigidity with fever
  • In known ulcer disease, do not delay when there is sudden worsening

Treatment Methods

01
Emergency surgery — laparotomy or laparoscopy with repair
02
Broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics
03
Peritoneal lavage
04
Fluid resuscitation and haemodynamic stabilisation
05
Intensive care monitoring

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Acil Servis department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.