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Xerostomia (Dry Mouth)

Subjective sensation and objective findings of decreased salivary flow, multifactorial in origin

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Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department. Book Appointment →

What is Xerostomia (Dry Mouth)?

Xerostomia affects approximately 20-25% of the population and is more common in women and elderly individuals. Major causes include: medications (anticholinergics, antidepressants, antihypertensives, diuretics — over 500 drugs), Sjögren syndrome, head and neck radiation, salivary gland diseases, diabetes, dehydration, mouth breathing, and psychogenic factors.

Diagnosis is established with a combination of subjective complaint (xerostomia) and objective hypofunction findings (hyposalivation): unstimulated salivary flow rate < 0.1 mL/min, stimulated salivary flow < 0.5 mL/min. The Sjögren battery (anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, lip biopsy, Schirmer test) should be performed.

Treatment includes underlying cause-directed approach, salivary gland stimulants (pilocarpine 5 mg 3-4x/day, cevimeline 30 mg 3x/day), saliva substitutes (artificial saliva, gel forms), aggressive oral care (high-fluoride toothpaste, prophylactic visits), and lifestyle modifications.

Symptoms

Dry mouth feeling
Difficulty chewing and swallowing
Speech disturbance
Burning sensation and tongue cracking
Bad taste and halitosis
Increased caries (especially cervical)

Risk Factors

Polypharmacy (over 4 drugs)
Sjögren syndrome
Head and neck radiation history
Diabetes mellitus
Advanced age (over 65)
Mouth breathing and CPAP use

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Dry mouth complaint persisting more than 3 months
  • Difficulty chewing and swallowing
  • Increased caries despite oral hygiene
  • Eye and joint complaints (Sjögren suspicion)
  • Pain in salivary gland region

Treatment Methods

01
Detailed drug history and Sjögren panel
02
Sialometry (unstimulated/stimulated)
03
Pilocarpine 5 mg 3-4x/day (gland stimulation)
04
Saliva substitute and moisturizing gel
05
Topical fluoride and chlorhexidine
06
Lifestyle modification (water intake, smoking cessation)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.