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Wernicke Encephalopathy

An emergency metabolic brain disease caused by vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Wernicke Encephalopathy?

Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neurological syndrome that occurs as a result of vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, with metabolic damage developing in regions of the brain such as the thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem.

It is most often seen with chronic alcohol use; however, it can also be observed in malnutrition, prolonged vomiting, after gastric bypass surgery, and during cancer treatment. The classic triad: confusion, eye movement disorder (ophthalmoplegia), and difficulty walking (ataxia).

If left untreated, it can progress to Korsakoff syndrome (permanent memory impairment). When thiamine replacement is started early, the picture can be largely reversed.

Symptoms

Confusion and altered consciousness
Eye movement disorder (double vision, nystagmus)
Balance and gait difficulty (ataxia)
Memory impairment
Peripheral nerve involvement (numbness)
Withdrawal findings in chronic alcohol users

Risk Factors

Chronic alcohol use
Inadequate nutrition or prolonged fasting
Prolonged vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum)
Gastrointestinal surgeries
Chemotherapy and malabsorption syndromes

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If confusion and eye movement disorder are seen together, emergency care should be sought
  • If sudden altered consciousness develops in a chronic alcohol user
  • If neurological symptoms emerge after prolonged vomiting and inadequate nutrition
  • If gait difficulty and balance impairment are rapidly worsening

Treatment Methods

01
High-dose intravenous thiamine replacement (urgent)
02
Treatment of the underlying cause (alcohol cessation program)
03
Balanced nutrition and multivitamin support
04
Electrolyte correction
05
Rehydration and general supportive treatment

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.