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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Symptoms of MS, relapses, and long-term treatment strategies.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath covering the brain and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve conduction is impaired and various neurological symptoms develop.

MS is most commonly seen between the ages of 20-40 and at a higher rate in women. It has different subtypes such as relapsing-remitting (with relapses and remissions), primary progressive, and secondary progressive. The disease can follow a different course in each patient.

With modern disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), the frequency and severity of attacks can be significantly reduced, and disability progression can be slowed. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment greatly improve long-term outcomes.

Symptoms

Blurred vision or sudden vision loss in one eye (optic neuritis)
Numbness, tingling, or weakness in one or more limbs
Balance disorder and coordination difficulty
Excessive fatigue (MS fatigue significantly affects daily life)
Bladder and bowel dysfunction
Cognitive slowing, difficulty concentrating
Lhermitte sign: electric shock sensation when the neck is bent forward

Risk Factors

Female sex (2-3 times more common than in men)
Living in the 15-60 latitude zone (associated with vitamin D deficiency)
Family history of MS
Previous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection
Smoking
Vitamin D deficiency
History of autoimmune disease

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When sudden vision loss in one eye or painful vision disturbance develops
  • If there is unexplained numbness and weakness in the arm or leg
  • If balance and gait have suddenly deteriorated
  • If there are neurological symptoms that do not improve within a few days
  • If a new relapse is starting in a patient previously diagnosed with MS

Treatment Methods

01
Relapse treatment: high-dose corticosteroid
02
Disease-modifying therapies (interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, etc.)
03
Symptom management: special medications for fatigue, spasticity, bladder problems
04
Physiotherapy and exercise programs
05
Neuropsychiatric support (for depression and cognitive problems)
06
Regular MRI follow-up and neurology specialist control

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.