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Vertigo and Dizziness

Types of vertigo, causes, and effective treatment methods.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Vertigo and Dizziness?

Vertigo is a balance disorder that gives the feeling that a person or their surroundings are spinning. Unlike ordinary dizziness, it is a real movement illusion. It is divided into two main groups: peripheral vertigo of inner ear (vestibular) origin and central vertigo of brain origin.

The most common type of vertigo is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV); it occurs due to displacement of calcium crystals in the inner ear. It causes short-lived episodes of dizziness triggered by head position changes. The vast majority can be resolved with special techniques such as the Epley maneuver.

Vestibular neuritis, Ménière's disease, and central causes (cerebellar stroke, MS) are other important causes of vertigo. Since treatment approach differs according to the cause, accurate diagnosis is critically important.

Symptoms

Sensation of spinning (feeling that the person or their surroundings are spinning)
Nausea and vomiting
Imbalance in walking
Symptoms triggered by head position changes
Tinnitus or hearing loss (in Ménière's)
Eye tremors (nystagmus)

Risk Factors

Advanced age
History of head trauma
Viral infections (for vestibular neuritis)
History of migraine
Salt-rich diet (for Ménière's)
Excessive stress and fatigue
Ototoxic drug use

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If dizziness is accompanied by double vision, difficulty swallowing, or arm-leg weakness (sign of central cause)
  • If sudden hearing loss accompanies
  • If dizziness poses a fall risk
  • If symptoms last for more than a few days
  • If episodes are very frequent or seriously disrupt daily life

Treatment Methods

01
Epley or Semont repositioning maneuvers for BPPV
02
Vestibular suppressants and antiemetics (short-term in the acute period)
03
Vestibular rehabilitation exercises
04
Low-salt diet, diuretics, and intratympanic injections in Ménière's disease
05
Treatment of the underlying cause of central vertigo (stroke, MS)
06
Fall prevention education and home adjustments

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.