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Supernumerary Tooth

Extra tooth beyond normal dentition causing crowding, eruption disturbance and orthodontic complications.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department. Book Appointment →

What is Supernumerary Tooth?

Supernumerary teeth are additional teeth beyond the normal dental formula. They occur in 0.1-3.8% of the population and are more common in permanent than deciduous dentition, with male predilection (2:1). Classification includes mesiodens (between maxillary central incisors, most common), paramolar (buccal or lingual to molars), distomolar (distal to third molar), and parapremolar.

Supernumerary teeth may be conical (peg-shaped, most common in mesiodens), tuberculate (barrel-shaped, often paired and unerupted), supplemental (resembling normal teeth), or odontoma (compound or complex). They can be unerupted (most common, ~75%), erupted, or inverted. Etiology includes genetic predisposition (cleidocranial dysplasia, Gardner syndrome, cleft lip/palate), local hyperactivity of dental lamina, and environmental factors.

Complications include dental crowding, midline diastema, delayed or ectopic eruption of permanent teeth (especially central incisors), root resorption of adjacent teeth, dentigerous cyst formation, and orthodontic difficulties. Diagnosis is by clinical examination and radiographs (panoramic, periapical, and CBCT for three-dimensional localization). Management depends on type, location, eruption status, and effect on adjacent teeth — observation for asymptomatic cases, surgical removal for symptomatic or causing complications, with timing optimized to minimize injury to permanent successors. Subsequent orthodontic treatment may close diastema and align teeth.

Symptoms

Delayed eruption of permanent incisor
Midline diastema
Crowding of anterior teeth
Ectopic eruption pattern
Asymptomatic finding on radiograph
Failure of central incisor to erupt
Cyst formation around unerupted tooth

Risk Factors

Cleidocranial dysplasia
Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis variant)
Cleft lip and palate
Family history of supernumerary teeth
Down syndrome
Apert syndrome
Hereditary disposition

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Failure of permanent incisor to erupt
  • Midline diastema in mixed dentition
  • Crowding requiring orthodontic evaluation
  • Incidental radiographic finding
  • Cyst formation suspicion
  • Pre-orthodontic treatment workup

Treatment Methods

01
Clinical and radiographic evaluation
02
CBCT for 3D localization if complex
03
Observation for asymptomatic non-impeding cases
04
Surgical extraction for impeding eruption
05
Coordination with orthodontist for timing
06
Diastema closure with orthodontic treatment
07
Genetic evaluation in syndromic presentations

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.