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Spasticity Management

Rehabilitation of muscle stiffness and uncontrolled contractions caused by upper motor neuron damage.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon department. Book Appointment →

What is Spasticity Management?

Spasticity is defined as a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone resulting from increased excitability of the stretch reflex (Lance definition). Stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy are the most common causes.

Spasticity does not always require treatment; in some patients it provides functional support for gait and transfers. The treatment decision is made by evaluating pain, contracture risk, limitation of daily activities and care difficulty.

The treatment pyramid progresses in order: stretching-physiotherapy → oral medications → local injection (botulinum toxin) → intrathecal baclofen → surgery.

Symptoms

Muscle stiffness and increased resistance
Painful contractions and spasms
Risk of contracture development
Slowing and difficulty of movement
Hygiene and care difficulty (axilla, palm)
Sleep disturbance (nighttime spasms)

Risk Factors

Poor positioning and immobility
Pain and infection (increase spasticity)
Bladder distension and constipation
Pressure ulcer
Psychological stress

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If spasticity limits daily care or function
  • If contracture development is starting
  • If the frequency of painful spasms is increasing
  • For evaluation of botulinum toxin or intrathecal baclofen

Treatment Methods

01
Daily stretching program and positioning
02
Physical therapy: cold application, electrical stimulation
03
Oral medications: baclofen, tizanidine, dantrolene
04
Botulinum toxin A injection (focal spasticity)
05
Phenol or alcohol neurolysis
06
Intrathecal baclofen pump

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.