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NMOSD (AQP4 Antibody Positive)

Severe autoimmune demyelinating disease targeting the optic nerve and spinal cord.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is NMOSD (AQP4 Antibody Positive)?

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune, severe demyelinating disease that particularly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord as a result of antibodies developed against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel.

Unlike multiple sclerosis (MS), attacks proceed with severe deficits and recovery is often incomplete.

Early diagnosis and long-term immunotherapy are critical in managing the disease.

Symptoms

Severe vision loss in one or both eyes
Pain with eye movement
Long-segment transverse myelitis
Weakness and sensory loss in lower extremities
Loss of sphincter control
Area postrema syndrome (intractable nausea, vomiting, hiccups)
Narcolepsy-like findings (diencephalic involvement)

Risk Factors

Female sex (clear majority)
Background of autoimmune disease (SLE, Sjögren's)
Asian origin (higher incidence)
HLA-DRB1*03

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Sudden and severe vision loss
  • Sudden lower body weakness and sensory loss
  • Loss of urine and stool control
  • Intractable hiccups, nausea, vomiting
  • Long-segment myelitis on MRI

Treatment Methods

01
High-dose steroids and plasmapheresis in attack treatment
02
Long-term immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine, mycophenolate)
03
Rituximab
04
Biologics such as eculizumab, inebilizumab, satralizumab
05
Symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation
06
Regular follow-up to track relapses

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.