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Neurology — Multiple Sclerosis

Chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Neurology — Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system most commonly affecting young adults.

Clinical phenotypes include relapsing-remitting (most common), secondary progressive and primary progressive forms.

Diagnosis follows McDonald 2017 criteria, integrating clinical episodes with MRI dissemination in space and time and CSF oligoclonal bands.

Symptoms

Optic neuritis with painful vision loss
Sensory disturbance, paraesthesia and Lhermitte sign
Motor weakness and spasticity
Bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction
Fatigue and cognitive impairment
Cerebellar ataxia and brainstem-related symptoms

Risk Factors

Age 20 to 40 years and female sex
Northern European ancestry and family history
EBV infection (key environmental trigger)
Vitamin D deficiency and low sun exposure
Smoking and obesity in adolescence
HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • New focal neurological symptoms lasting more than 24 hours
  • Painful unilateral vision loss
  • Suspected relapse with disability progression
  • Pregnancy planning or family planning in known MS
  • Symptom worsening on existing disease-modifying therapy

Treatment Methods

01
Brain and spinal cord MRI (with gadolinium), CSF analysis and visual evoked potentials
02
Acute relapse: high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, plasma exchange in steroid-refractory cases
03
Disease-modifying therapy choice based on activity (interferons, glatiramer, dimethyl fumarate, S1P modulators, anti-CD20 monoclonals, natalizumab, cladribine)
04
Symptomatic therapy for spasticity, bladder dysfunction, fatigue and pain
05
Rehabilitation, exercise programmes and psychological support
06
Pregnancy planning and lactation-compatible therapy selection

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.