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Malocclusion Classification

Angle's classification of how upper and lower teeth fit together: Class I, II and III.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

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This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department. Book Appointment →

What is Malocclusion Classification?

Malocclusion describes the deviation from ideal occlusion when the upper and lower teeth meet. Angle's classification, based on the relationship of the first permanent molars, divides malocclusion into three classes.

Class I (neutroclusion) features normal molar relationship but problems such as crowding, spacing, rotation or malposition of individual teeth. Class II (distoclusion) shows the lower molar positioned distally relative to the upper; subdivisions include Class II Division 1 (proclined upper incisors with overjet) and Class II Division 2 (retroclined upper incisors with deep overbite). Class III (mesioclusion) shows the lower molar positioned mesially, often resulting in an underbite or anterior crossbite.

Treatment depends on severity, age and skeletal versus dental components. Options range from observation, removable appliances and fixed orthodontic braces or aligners, to orthognathic surgery in severe skeletal cases.

Symptoms

Crowded or crooked teeth
Excessive overjet (Class II) or underbite (Class III)
Deep overbite or open bite
Difficulty chewing or biting
Speech difficulties
Mouth breathing
TMJ pain or facial asymmetry

Risk Factors

Genetic predisposition (skeletal Class III)
Thumb sucking or pacifier beyond age 4
Tongue thrust or atypical swallow
Mouth breathing due to airway obstruction
Premature loss of primary teeth
Trauma to the face or jaw
Habits such as nail-biting or pencil-chewing

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Visible misalignment of teeth or jaws
  • Difficulty chewing or biting food
  • Speech impediment related to teeth
  • TMJ pain or jaw clicking
  • Cosmetic concerns about smile
  • Recommended orthodontic screening (age 7)

Treatment Methods

01
Comprehensive orthodontic evaluation including imaging
02
Removable functional appliances in growing patients
03
Fixed braces (metal, ceramic, lingual)
04
Clear aligner therapy (Invisalign and similar)
05
Extraction-based orthodontics if indicated
06
Surgical orthodontics for severe skeletal discrepancies
07
Retainers for long-term stability after treatment

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.