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Hemiplegic Migraine

A rare migraine type with transient one-sided weakness.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Hemiplegic Migraine?

Hemiplegic migraine is a rare migraine subtype in which attacks are accompanied by transient one-sided motor weakness. It has familial (FHM) and sporadic forms; mutations in ion channel genes have been linked to the condition.

Attacks usually begin with visual, sensory, and language auras; followed by one-sided weakness and headache that may last more than an hour. Because it can be confused with stroke, first attacks must always be evaluated in the emergency department.

Diagnosis is based on clinical history, family transmission, and exclusion of other causes. Some migraine medications such as triptans and ergotamines should be avoided in treatment.

Symptoms

Transient weakness in one arm or leg
One-sided numbness and tingling
Visual field changes
Speech difficulty and trouble finding words
Severe headache
Nausea, vomiting, light and sound sensitivity
Sometimes fever and changes in consciousness

Risk Factors

Family history of hemiplegic migraine
Genetic mutations (CACNA1A, ATP1A2, SCN1A)
Adolescence and young adulthood
Hormonal changes
Stress and fatigue
Sleep irregularity
Minor head trauma

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • First-time transient paralysis (emergency)
  • Weakness, speech, and visual symptoms together
  • Attacks becoming more frequent or severe
  • Loss of consciousness or fever accompanies attacks
  • Current treatment is inadequate

Treatment Methods

01
Acute analgesics and antiemetics
02
Avoidance of triptans and ergot derivatives
03
Preventive treatment (verapamil, lamotrigine, topiramate in selected cases)
04
Avoidance of triggers
05
Genetic counseling
06
Specialist neurologist follow-up

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.