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Gingival Hyperplasia (Overgrowth)

Drug-induced and pathological enlargement of gingival tissue.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department. Book Appointment →

What is Gingival Hyperplasia (Overgrowth)?

Gingival hyperplasia is the abnormal increase in gingival tissue volume. The most common cause is drug-induced (phenytoin, cyclosporine, calcium channel blockers); plaque-associated, hormonal (puberty/pregnancy), idiopathic and systemic disease-associated forms also exist.

Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia (DIGO) develops in 50% of phenytoin users, 25-30% of cyclosporine users and 10-20% of nifedipine users. Plaque control, drug change/dose adjustment and gingivectomy are treatment options.

Symptoms

Bulging on gum tissue
Bleeding on tooth brushing
Difficulty swallowing in extreme cases
Aesthetic complaint
Difficulty in pronunciation
Halitosis (bad breath)

Risk Factors

Phenytoin (anti-epileptic) use
Cyclosporine (immunosuppressive) use
CCB use (nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil)
Poor oral hygiene (plaque accumulation)
Pregnancy and hormonal changes
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Newly developed gingival hyperplasia
  • Patient receiving long-term phenytoin/cyclosporine
  • Pregnancy gingivitis - dental care
  • Aesthetic concern + difficulty in eating
  • Recurrent hyperplasia after dental treatment

Treatment Methods

01
Detailed oral hygiene + plaque control
02
Subgingival scaling and root planning
03
Drug change with physician (alternative drug)
04
Drug dose reduction (if possible)
05
Topical chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.12%)
06
Gingivectomy/gingivoplasty (in severe cases)
07
Laser-assisted gingivectomy (less bleeding)
08
Continuation of oral hygiene after surgery
09
Lifelong follow-up (recurrence prevention)
10
Counselling regarding genetic causes

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Department

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Bad Breath (Halitosis)

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.