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Osteoporosis Exercise Program

Targeted resistance, weight-bearing and balance exercise prescription for bone health and fracture prevention.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon department. Book Appointment →

What is Osteoporosis Exercise Program?

Osteoporosis exercise prescription is a structured rehabilitation program for individuals with osteopenia, osteoporosis or established vertebral and non-vertebral fragility fractures. Components include progressive resistance training (PRT) at moderate-to-high intensity targeting major muscle groups, weight-bearing aerobic exercise, balance training and posture-specific exercises addressing thoracic kyphosis and trunk extensor weakness.

Mechanical loading stimulates osteoblastic bone formation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduces sclerostin. Resistance training (e.g., LIFTMOR-Brisbane protocol with 5-8 RM heavy lifting) demonstrates BMD increases and fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women. Balance training (Tai Chi, Otago) reduces falls. Spinal extensor strengthening preserves vertebral integrity and improves posture.

Contraindications and precautions include avoiding deep flexion, twisting under load, high-impact exercise immediately after vertebral fracture and high-risk activities (skiing, contact sports). Individualized supervision, baseline DEXA, fracture risk assessment (FRAX) and gradual progression are essential. Combined with calcium, vitamin D and antiresorptive/anabolic pharmacotherapy.

Symptoms

Low BMD on DEXA (T-score <-1.0 or <-2.5)
History of low-trauma fragility fracture
Postmenopausal women
Long-term glucocorticoid use
Sarcopenia and falls
Postural kyphosis (dowager's hump)
High FRAX 10-year fracture risk

Risk Factors

Postmenopausal estrogen decline
Aging and male hypogonadism
Glucocorticoid therapy
Sedentary lifestyle
Vitamin D and calcium deficiency
Family history of osteoporosis
Smoking and excess alcohol

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • New back pain after weight-bearing exercise
  • Sudden height loss or kyphosis
  • Fall with suspected fracture
  • Worsening balance despite training
  • Need for individualized supervised program

Treatment Methods

01
Pretreatment DEXA and FRAX assessment
02
Progressive resistance training (3 sessions/week)
03
High-intensity heavy lifting protocol (LIFTMOR)
04
Weight-bearing aerobic (walking, jogging)
05
Balance training (Otago, Tai Chi)
06
Spinal extensor strengthening
07
Posture education and ADL training
08
Avoidance of deep flexion and twisting
09
Combined with calcium, vitamin D, antiresorptive therapy
10
Periodic reassessment and progression

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.