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Floor of Mouth Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma developing in the floor of the mouth.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department. Book Appointment →

What is Floor of Mouth Carcinoma?

Floor of mouth carcinoma is the second most common oral cavity cancer in the area between the lower jaw teeth and the tongue. Histologically, the vast majority (>90%) are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

It can extend to the lower jaw bone, tongue and submandibular gland. Cervical lymph node metastasis is frequent (>30% on diagnosis); bilateral involvement risk is increased due to its location near the midline. Total resection and neck dissection are the basis of treatment.

Symptoms

Non-healing ulcer in the floor of the mouth (>3 weeks)
Pain, bleeding, irritation
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Difficulty swallowing and speaking
Mobility loss in the tongue (frenulum involvement)
Pain on lower jaw bone (mandibular invasion)

Risk Factors

Tobacco use (cigarette, cigar, betel)
Heavy alcohol use
HPV (especially HPV-16)
Poor oral hygiene
Chronic mucosal trauma (sharp tooth, ill-fitting prosthesis)
Family history of head and neck cancer

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Non-healing ulcer >3 weeks - urgent specialist referral
  • Painful mass on floor of mouth
  • New cervical lymph node
  • Difficulty in swallowing - speaking
  • Erythroplakia or leukoplakia detection

Treatment Methods

01
Incisional biopsy (definitive diagnosis)
02
MRI/CT (local extension)
03
PET/CT (cervical and distant metastases)
04
Wide local excision (resection with safe margin)
05
Marginal/segmental mandibulectomy (if bone involvement)
06
Selective or modified radical neck dissection
07
Microvascular reconstruction (radial forearm or fibula flap)
08
Postoperative radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy
09
Speech and swallow rehabilitation
10
Oncological follow-up (every 3 months for first 2 years)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.