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Dentin Hypersensitivity

Sharp transient tooth pain in response to thermal, chemical or tactile stimuli on exposed dentin.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department. Book Appointment →

What is Dentin Hypersensitivity?

Dentin hypersensitivity is a clinical condition characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to thermal (cold, hot), chemical (sweet, sour), tactile or osmotic stimuli that cannot be ascribed to any other dental defect or pathology. It affects 10-30% of the adult population, with peak prevalence in 30-40 year age group.

The hydrodynamic theory (Brannstrom) explains the pain mechanism: external stimuli cause fluid movement within open dentinal tubules, which in turn stimulates A-delta nerve fibers in the pulp, generating sharp pain. For dentin to become hypersensitive, two conditions must be met: dentin exposure (loss of enamel or gingival recession) and patent (open) dentinal tubules connecting to the pulp.

Symptoms

Sharp short pain triggered by cold air or fluids
Pain with hot foods or beverages
Pain from sweet or acidic foods
Pain on tooth brushing
Pain when touching tooth with metal instruments
Pain at gumline of teeth
Multiple teeth affected typically
Pain ceases immediately after stimulus removal

Risk Factors

Gingival recession (most common)
Aggressive tooth brushing technique
Hard-bristled toothbrush use
Acidic diet (citrus, sodas, vinegar)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Bruxism causing wear
Periodontal therapy with root exposure
Dental bleaching procedures
Cervical erosion or abrasion lesions
Tooth fractures or cracks

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Persistent tooth pain with cold or sweet stimuli
  • Pain interfering with eating or drinking
  • Multiple teeth becoming sensitive
  • Sensitivity after dental treatment
  • Visible gum recession
  • Worn or notched areas at gumline

Treatment Methods

01
Comprehensive clinical examination to rule out other causes
02
Vitality testing to exclude pulpitis
03
Identification and modification of contributing factors
04
Soft-bristled toothbrush with proper technique
05
Desensitizing toothpaste (potassium nitrate, stannous fluoride)
06
Use for 4-8 weeks for maximum effect
07
Fluoride mouth rinse
08
Reduce acidic food and beverage intake
09
In-office: fluoride varnish application
10
Topical strontium chloride or arginine-calcium carbonate
11
Resin sealers or glass ionomer cement for cervical lesions
12
Laser therapy (Nd:YAG, diode) for refractory cases
13
Periodontal surgery for severe gingival recession
14
Composite restoration of cervical lesions
15
Treatment of bruxism with night guards

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Department

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Dentin hypersensitivity is sharp pain felt in response to hot, cold, or sweet stimuli when dentin tubules are exposed due to enamel loss or gum recession.

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Gingival Recession (Gum Recession)

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Gingival recession is the apical displacement of the gingival margin with exposure of the root surface. It may be localized or generalized and results from mechanical trauma, periodontal disease, thin biotype or anatomic factors. Recession can cause root sensitivity, caries and aesthetic concerns; management includes cause elimination and surgical root coverage when indicated.

Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.