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Cervical Dystonia (Spasmodic Torticollis)

Abnormal head posture due to involuntary contraction of neck muscles.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Nöroloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Cervical Dystonia (Spasmodic Torticollis)?

Cervical dystonia is the most common adult-onset focal dystonia, characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary contraction of neck muscles. The head turns forward, backward, sideways, or rotates; these positions may occur with painful muscle spasms.

Pathophysiology involves dysfunction in the basal ganglia-cerebellum circuits. The disease typically begins in adulthood and may progress or reach a certain severity and plateau.

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination; imaging is performed to exclude secondary causes. Botulinum toxin injections are considered the gold standard in treatment.

Symptoms

Head turning to one side (torticollis)
Head tilting toward shoulder (laterocollis)
Head bending forward (anterocollis)
Head extending backward (retrocollis)
Pain in neck and shoulder
Marked muscle hypertrophy
Head tremor and oscillating movements

Risk Factors

Familial predisposition and genetic factors
Neck trauma
Repetitive occupations and posture
Stress and fatigue
Antipsychotic drug use (tardive dystonia)
Past infections
Autoimmune diseases

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Involuntary shift in head position
  • Long-lasting neck pain and muscle stiffness
  • Daily activities are restricted
  • Tremor or pain is progressing
  • Symptoms developed after medication use

Treatment Methods

01
Botulinum toxin injection (first-line)
02
Anticholinergic medications
03
Muscle relaxants and benzodiazepines
04
Physical therapy and posture training
05
Sensory trick (geste antagoniste) usage
06
Deep brain stimulation (in resistant cases)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Nöroloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.